2- The past simpleالزمن الماضي البسيط

Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind

Key words الكلمات الدالة عليه:

yesterday - last night - in the past - When I was a boy - ago


الفعل + ed>>>>>>>الفعل النظامي

الفعل الشاذ>>>>>>>>التصريف الثاني من الفعل


Examples أمثلة:

It rained last night -1
He passed the test last year -2
Meet......I met Ahmad yester day -3
Be........They were home two hours ago-4
..........................
.
.

3- The Future simple الزمن المستقبل البسيط


Simple Future has two different forms in English: "will" and "be going to." Although the two forms can sometimes be used interchangeably, they often express two very different meanings. These different meanings might seem too abstract at first, but with time and practice, the differences will become clear. Both "will" and "be going to" refer to a specific time in the future


Key words الكلمات الدالة عليه:
tomorrow - next - in the future - When I leave school, I will

Examples أمثلة :

will come.... They come tomorrow -1
will help.... She help me next week -2
will live... In the future, man live on the moon -3

4-going to meet.... You are to meet Jane tonight
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4 - The present continuous الزمن المضارع المستمر


Use the Present Continuous with Normal Verbs to express the idea that something is happening now, at this very moment. It can also be used to show that something is not happening now

Key wordsالكلمات الدالة عليه:

Now

At this moment

Right now

!Look

!Listen

.......

I >>> am >>> verb + ing

He - she - It >>> is >>> verb + ing

We - you - They >>> are >>> verb + ing

Examples


At the moment ,we ( study ) English ... are studing

The boys (play ) football in the garden now... are playing

It ( rain ) now... is raining

Ahmed ( watch ) TV right now... is watching

Now , I ( listen ) to the Holy Qur’aan... am listening
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7)-The past perfect الزمن الماضي التام

FORM
[had + past participle]

The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past

Key wordsالكلمات الدالة عليه

before - after - when - already + had + past participle


Examples

When I arrived at the airport, the plane had already left -

I ate breakfast after I had prayed Al-fajr -

Before we travelled to Mecca we -
had bought what we needed

You had studied English before -
you moved to New York

Had you studied English -
?before you moved to New York

You had not studied English -
before you moved to New York

..............................................



8)-The present perfect continuousالزمن المضارع التام المستمر


FORM
[has/have + been + present participle]


We use the Present Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since Tuesday" are all durations which can be used with the Present Perfect Continuous


Key wordsالكلمات الدالة عليه

” for - since ( followed by words like) : “all “ , “and still

I , We , You , They >>>>> have been + V + ing

He , She , It >>>>> has been + V + ing



Examples


You have been waiting here for two hours -

?Have you been waiting here for two hours -

You have not been waiting here for two hours -

We have been strugling -
in Palestine since 1948

He has been fighting for libration for 62 years -

It has been raining all day -


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9)-The future continuousالزمن المستقبل المستمر

will + be + Verb+ing
shall + be +Verb+ing
am/is/are + going to be + present participle

Future Continuous has two different forms: "will be doing " and "be going to be doing." Unlike Simple Future forms, Future Continuous forms are usually
قابل للتبادلinterchangeable

Use the Future Continuous to indicate that a longer action in the future will be interrupted by a shorter action in the future. Remember this can be a real interruption or just an interruption in time

Examples

At 6 o’clock tomorrow I will be flying to London -
At the same time next Monday, we’ll be walking to school -
You are going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight -
?- Will you be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight
You are not going to be waiting for her when her plane -
arrives tonight
............................


10)-The future Perfect Tenseالزمن المستقبل التام


Future Perfect has two different forms: "will have done" and "be going to have done." Unlike Simple Future forms, Future Perfect forms are usually interchangeable

The Future Perfect expresses the idea that something will occur before another action in the future It can also show that something will happen before a specific time in the future

"FORM Future Perfect with "Will

will have + past participle

Examples


You will have perfected your English by the time you come -
back from the U.S
?- Will you have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S
You will not have perfected your English by the time you come -
back from the U.S


"FORM Future Perfect with "Be Going To

am/is/are + going to have + past participle


Examples


You are going to have perfected your English by the time you-
come back from the U.S
?- Are you going to have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S
You are not going to have perfected your English by the -
time you come back from the U.S


Completed Action Before Something in the Future

Examples


By next November, I will have received my promotion -
By the time he gets home, she is going to have cleaned the -
entire house
I am not going to have finished this test by 3 o'clock -
- Will she have learned enough Chinese to communicate before she moves to Beijing ?
Ali is probably going to have -
completed the proposal by the time he leaves this afternoon
By the time I finish this course, I will have taken ten tests -
How many countries are you -
?going to have visited by the time you turn 50


(Duration Before Something in the Future (Non-Continuous Verbs

With Non-Continuous Verbs and some non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Future Perfect to show that something will continue up until another action in the future

Examples

I will have been in London for six months by the time I leave -
By Monday, Laila is going to have had my book for a week -


REMEMBER No Future in
عبارات الوقت Time Clauses

Like all future forms, the Future Perfect cannot be used in clauses beginning with time expressions such as: when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless, etc. Instead of Future Perfect, Present Perfect is used

ُExamples

I am going to see a movie when I will have finished -
my homework. Not Correct
I am going to see a movie when I have finished -
my homework. Correct
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Conditional Sentencesالجمل الشرطية
conditional sentences are sentences discussing factual implications
الجمل الشرطية هي جمل تناقش أثار واقعية
or hypothetical situations and their consequences
أو حالات أفتراضية و عواقبهم
Full conditional sentences contain two clauses
الجمل الشرطية الكاملة تحتوي على بندين:
the condition or protasis, and the consequence or apodosis
الشرط أو فعل الشرط، و النتيجة أو متن الجملة
.............
Structure of Conditional Sentencesبناء الجمل الشرطية
The structure of most conditionals is very simple
البناء في معظم الحالات بسيط جداً
There are two basic possibilities
هناك أحتمالان أساسيان
Of course, we add many words and can use various tenses, but the basic structure is usually like
this
بالطبع، نضيف عدة كلمات و بأستطاعتنا أستخدام أزمنة مختلفة، لكن الهيكل الأساسي يكون كالتالي:
If>>> Condition>>> Result
If>>> Y = 10 >>2Y = 20
أو هكذا:
Result >>> If >>> Condition
2Y = 20 >>> If >> Y = 10
First Conditional: real possibility
الشرطية الأولى: أمكانية حقيقية
We are talking about the future. We are thinking about a particular condition or situation in the future, and the result of this condition. There is a real possibility that this condition will happen. For example, it is morning. You are at home. You plan to play tennis this afternoon. But there are some clouds in the sky. Imagine that it rains
؟ What will you do
If >>> Condition>>> Result
If>>> present simple>>>WILL + base verb
If it rains I will stay home
Notice that we are thinking about a future condition. It is not raining yet. But the sky is cloudy and you think that it could rain. We use the present simple tense to talk about the possible future condition. We use WILL + base verb to talk about the possible future result. The important thing about the first conditional is that there is a real possibility that the condition will happen. Here are some more examples (do you remember the two basic structures: [IF condition result] and [result IF condition]?):
IF >>>condition >>>result
If>>>present simple >>>WILL + base verb
[
If I see Mary I will tell her
If Tara is free tomorrow he will invite her
If they do not pass their exam their teacher will be sad
? If it rains tomorrow will you stay at home
? If it rains tomorrow what will you do
....
result >>> IF>>> condition
WILL + base verb>>>If>>>present simple
I will tell Mary if I see her
He will invite Tara if she is free tomorrow
Their teacher will be sad if they do not pass their exam
? Will you stay at home if it rains tomorrow
? What will you do if it rains tomorrow
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Second Conditional: unreal possibility or dream
الحالة الشرطية الثانية: أحتمال غير واقعي أو حلم
The second conditional is like the first conditional. We are still thinking about the future. We are thinking about a particular condition in the future, and the result of this condition. But there is
not a real possibility that this condition will happen
الحالة الثانية مثل الحالة الأولى.. ما زلنا نفكر بالمستقبل، نفكر في حالة خاصة في المستقبل و نتيجة هذه الحالة، لكن ليس هناك أحتمال حقيقي لحدوث هذه الحالة.
For example
you do not have a lottery ticket
?Is it possible to win
No! No lottery ticket, no win
But maybe you will buy a lottery ticket in the future. So you can think about winning in the future, like a dream. It's not very real, but it's still possible
IF >>>condition >>>result
IF >>>past simple >>>WOULD + base verb
If >>>I won the lottery >>>I would buy a car
Notice that we are thinking about a future condition. We use the past simple tense to talk about the future condition. We use WOULD + base verb to talk about the future result. The important thing about the second conditional is that there is an unreal possibility that the condition will happen
لاحظ أننا نفكر بحالة مستقبلية.. نستخدم صيغة فعل الماض البسيط لنتحدث عن حالة في المستقبل
الأمر المهم في الحالة الشرطية الثانية أن هناك أحتمال غير واقعي لحدوث الحالة.
Examples
IF >>>condition >>>result
IF >>>past simple >>>WOULD + base verb
If I married Mary I would be happy
If Ahmad became rich Muna would marry him
?If it snowed next July would you be surprised
?If it snowed next July what would you do
..............
result >>>IF >>>condition
WOULD + base verb >>>IF >>>past simple
He would be happy if he married Mary
She would marry him if he became rich
?Would you be surprised if it snowed next July
?What would you do if it snowed next July
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Third Conditional: no possibility
الحالة الشرطية الثالثة: لا أمكانية

The first conditional and second conditionals talk about the future. With the third conditional we talk about the past. We talk about a condition in the past that did not happen. That is why there is no possibility for this condition. The third conditional is also like a dream, but with no possibility of the dream coming true
الحالتين الشرطية الأولى و الثانية تتحدثان عن المستقبل.. في الحالة الثالثة نحن نتكلم في الزمن الماضي، نتحدث عن حالة في الماضي لم تحدث.. لذلك لا يوجد هناك أمكانية لتحقيق هذه الحالة.
الحالة الثالثة مثل الحلم، لكن بعدم أمكانية تحقيقه.

If >>>condition >>>result



If >>>Past Perfect >>>WOULD HAVE + Past Participle


If >>>I had won the lottery >>>I would have bought a car


Notice that we are thinking about an impossible past condition. You did not win the lottery. So the condition was not true, and that particular condition can never be true because it is finished. We use the past perfect tense to talk about the impossible past condition. We use WOULD HAVE past participle to talk about the impossible past result. The important thing about the third
conditional is that both the condition and result are impossible now
لاحظوا أننا نفكر في حالة شرطية مستحيلة في الزمن الماضي.. أنت لم تربح اليانصيب، اذاً الحالة لم تكن حقيقية، و تلك الحالة المحددة لن تتحقق لأنها أنتهت.
نقوم بأستخدام الفعل الماضي التام لنتحدث عن حالة ماضية غير ممكنة.. نستخدم WOULD HAVE + التصريف الثالث للفعل الماضي لنتحدث عن نتيجة مستحيلة التحقيق في الزمن الماضي.
الشيء المهم في الحالة الثالثة هو أستحالة الشرط و النتيجة الأن.

Sometimes, we use should have, could have, might have instead of would have, for example: If you had bought a lottery ticket, you might have won

More examples


IF >>>condition >>>result

If >>>past perfect >>>WOULD HAVE + past participle

If >>>I had seen Maher >>>I would have told him

If >>>Tarq had been free yesterday >>>I would have invited him



If >>>they had not passed their exam >>>their teacher would have been sad



If >>>it had rained yesterday >>>would you have stayed at home


If >>>it had rained yesterday >>>what would you have done

.....


result >>>IF >>>condition


WOULD HAVE + past participle >>>If >>>past perfect

I would have told Maher >>>if >>>I had seen him


I would have invited Tarq >>>if >>>he had been free yesterday



Their teacher would have been sad >>>if >>>they had not passed their exam

Would you have stayed at home >>>if >>>it had rained yesterday


What would you have done >>>if >>>it had rained yesterday


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